Understanding The Basics Of GPS

The GPS (Global Positioning System) has been fully functional for nearly two decades. GPS consists of 27 satellites positioned in a medium earth orbit. A satellite is considered to be in medium earth orbit when it is 35,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface, roughly 22,000 miles. The first experimental satellite was launched in 1972. It was not until 1995, 23 years after the launch of the first experimental satellite, that GPS bore fruit as a fully function satellite tracking system. Even then the system was restricted to military and airline industry use.

Once GPS was fully functional both the military and civilian implications were quickly recognized. In 1996, then President, Bill Clinton, opened the system to civilian uses as well as military uses. Due to limitations early civilian GPS was not very reliable and so its wide spread use had been severely limited. In 1998 and again in 2004 extra civilian signals were added to GPS. The net affect of the added civilian signals was that the quality and accuracy of the data were raised to a level that civilian GPS has now become a marketable product and service. Since 2004 GPS as a market technology has realized a boom in demand with no end in potential growth in site.

How GPS Technology Works

The 27 satellites that are collectively known as the Global Positioning System have flight patterns that make four satellites available to a GPS receiver at any time any where in the world. A GPS receiver must be able to contact and communicate with a minimum of 4 satellites to be able to calculate minimally qualified location data. The larger the number of satellites a GPS receiver can contact the better it will be able to calculate a location.

In order to triangulate a geographic position a GPS receiver calculates the time that it takes for the signal of the GPS satellite to reach the GPS receiver. From this data the GPS unit is able to calculate the distance to each satellite. The time distance information is then used by the mapping software on the GPS receiver unit to determine an exact location on earth.

Satellite signal degradation from both natural and man made obstructions can affect how accurate a GPS unit is. This is why GPS units will try to contact as many GPS satellites as possible. The more satellites the GPS unit is able to contact the more accurate the location.

Uses Of GPS

The purpose of GPS technology has not changed much over the last 30 years. Its primary purpose is still to as precisely as possible pinpoint a location anywhere on Earth. How GPS technology is used has not truly changed either. It is used for two primary functions tracking and navigation.

Growth in GPS technology has not come because of changes in use but because of an increase in signal quality, decrease in component costs of a GPS unit, increase in the quality and sophistication of mapping software, the bundling of GPS units with other services, and more sophisticated marketing to a broader segment of the population.

Today GPS units large and small can be found in airplanes, cars, attached to motorcycles, in cell phones, PDAs and hidden in freight to protect from theft.The shrinking of GPS unit component sizes has enabled the use of GPS to be limited only by your imagination.

Father's Day Reflections: My Dad, the Electronics Enthusiast

With Father's Day just around the corner, it's time once again to figure out what I'm going to get my dad. Like many men, he's an electronics enthusiast through and through. He's what companies like (or love) to call an "early adopter" - someone who just can't wait to buy the latest gadget, the faster computer, the bigger HDTV, and anything else you can think of. His obsession definitely has its benefits, though. My sister and I regularly go through his "electronics graveyard" and get fully functional computers, DVD recorders, and all manner of accessories.

But this knack of his to buy the latest electronics makes it that much more difficult to figure out what to get him for his birthday, Christmas, and Father's Day. My sister and I are thinking about buying him a new digital camera for Father's Day, one that has 7.0 megapixels, an optical zoom, and a special setting for taking eBay pictures. Dad is an avid eBay seller, and the right photos can make the difference between selling an item at a decent price and at a great price. The new digital cameras that have the special eBay setting would complement two of his passions: electronics and eBay.

We're also considering buying him a GPS receiver. The Global Positioning System is a set of satellites in orbit high above the earth, and a GPS receiver can tell you, in terms of latitude and longitude, exactly where you are. Some GPS receivers have built-in mapping tools that not only include road maps, but that also show places of interest. So, for example, when Dad's traveling and needs to find a gas station, he can "ask" the GPS system where the nearest gas station is, and then receive directions to it.

A GPS receiver is also perfect for a new "sport" that I've become interested in, and one that I think Dad would love. Geocaching is a hobby that is quite a bit like a treasure hunt. People all over the globe hide small containers that contain trinkets and logbooks, ascertain the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates of the hiding spots, and post them online. You can go online and find the coordinates of caches near where you live or travel, enter them into your GPS receiver, and then try and find the cache. It's not as easy as it sounds, but it sure is a lot of fun. Once you find a cache, you can pick up a trinket, leave a trinket, and sign the logbook. Dad's expressed an interest in geocaching, and since he does a lot of traveling for his work, my sister and I think that a GPS receiver and a book on geocaching might make the perfect Father's Day gift.

In my heart, I know that our dad will appreciate whatever gift we choose. Any type of electronics will tickle his fancy, and I'm sure that he'll enjoy either a digital camera or a GPS system. The only thing we have to worry about is whether he'll go out and buy one for himself before we get a chance to give him his Father's Day gift!